Why gold rises and falls, who buys it around the world, and how private investors hold coins and bars.

Why the Sovereign is traded so easily in France, how it compares with the Napoleon, and what British expats should know before buying or selling one.

Where new gold comes from each year, why mine output changes slowly, what all-in sustaining costs measure and how recycling fills the gap.

How physically backed gold ETFs work, what they cost, which risks they carry and how they compare with owning coins and bars directly.

What a Good Delivery gold or silver bar is, the weight and purity rules it must meet, how refiners are accredited and why the standard matters.

Weight, dimensions, magnets, sound and conductivity: the practical checks used to catch fake gold and silver coins, and their limits.

Troy ounces, grams, millesimal fineness and karats: how to read the weight and purity of gold and silver coins and work out their fine metal content.

How Indian festivals and import duties, the Shanghai Gold Exchange, Chinese retail buying and Swiss and Hong Kong flows shape physical gold demand.

Gold and silver share a monetary past but behave very differently today, from volatility and storage bulk to premiums, liquidity and demand.

A practical guide to storing gold and silver: home safes, bank safe deposit boxes, allocated and segregated vaults, coin handling and record keeping.

What US Mint, Perth Mint and Royal Canadian Mint sales figures measure, why they spike in crises, and why they are an imperfect sentiment gauge.

The main drivers of gold prices explained: real interest rates, the dollar, safe-haven demand, ETFs, central banks, Asian jewelry and futures traders.